Change Management Processc

Questions: Assignment: You have been approached to supervise a significant change the board procedure in your association (reality or anecdotal). Compose an exposition of about delineating how you would deal with this change. In your exposition you should address the accompanying key focuses: Outline the change that is going to happen; What approach you will take in dealing with the change; What are the key components that you should oversee during the change procedure? What approaches will you use to gauge the achievement of the change procedure? What will be your way to deal with joining the learnings from the change procedure into future change the board exercises? Answers: Presentation Change the board is characterized as the way toward changing different parts of an association or an organization, for example, creation methodology, worker execution, the workplace of the representatives and numerous others. An association has a wide range of viewpoints to manage. At times a portion of an angle may make hurt the association. At that point it is seriously important to change that specific angle. There are three stages of carrying any change to the association. To begin with, the issues should be distinguished by the administration, at that point the issue or the issue ought to be appropriately broke down, and the wellspring of the issue ought to be recognized, lastly the last advance is to take care of the issue with required aptitude and certainty. The change the board is one of the most significant parts of running an association effectively. Numerous associations including some enormous scope association had bankrupted in light of absence of progress of the necess ary issues. Thus for a medicinal services association, the issues ought to be kept away from by receiving legitimate change. Changes should be taken by the administration At the time of getting a few changes in an association, from the outset, the administration of the association needs to look through the deficiencies of the association, here a social insurance association (Change the executives, 2007). From that point forward, the issues are should have been sifted through and afterward the discovering issues are come to know how these issues can be survived. The administration of a social insurance association in every case should be great and to serve to individuals appropriately. So if any issues to the association come where it cannot get as benefit as it got at the past time, it might take a few changes over the working procedure of the administration. Through the method of getting the yield, the procedure of progress venture would call attention to the issues pertinent to the up degree of programming and equipment hardware, improvement of staff preparing; strengthening of representatives has additional thought processes and condition of the wo rking environment (Pugh Mayle, 2009). To start the progressions the administration needs to have some understanding like these progressions could never get a change straightforwardly to the authoritative culture as it could meet opposition and smell disappointment in a brief period. So the sharp issues of the organization are expected to get an eye over it. A medicinal services association or emergency clinic relies on various factors, for example, the correspondence between medical clinic the board and the patient just as their relatives, the best possible utilization of the careful hardware, the system of clinical assessment and numerous others. Other than that, refreshed equipment and programming gear is additionally imperative to the association. At that point it goes to the proficient and able work of the laborers or representatives of the association (Greener Hughes, 2006). How the fresher laborers can be progressively effective to their activity, it goes under the eye of prep aring time of the students. So the preparation of the fresher laborers' is a lot of imperative to get more profited. The executives of a medicinal services association gives coaches to preparing the new joiners of the organization as they can give them a larger number of obligations and get more benefit than what they are getting at the present time. At the point when these every new joiner get over their preparation period, they will be increasingly experienced and dexterous from what they were at the principal day of joining. Be that as it may, these all issues would get changes without influencing the authoritative culture of the organization in light of the fact that the progressions of the hierarchical culture can reach to the base of the organization and it can give positive and negative the two sorts of impacts to the association. Another difficult that can be taken under changes is a domain of the work environment which is a significant and compelling issue of an association (Hughes, 2007). The correspondence between the administration and the laborers must be increasingly wonderful. So also the correspondence between the administration or the laborers and the patient and their relatives must be decent. Subsequently if there is any issue with the correspondence, it ought to be altered or changed. The hugeness of approach in dealing with the change After the discoveries of the issues of the social insurance association, there will be a few ways to deal with the more significant position authority of the organization. The communicational methodology is one of the most significant ways to deal with the administration (Hughes, 2007). Correspondence between the pioneers and their representatives' ought to be more amiable for the improvement of the result of the given task. On the off chance that the comprehension between the administration and the social insurance laborers doesn't meet joins to a definitive point the yield of the work won't be useful. Another purpose of approach is up degree of the clinical assessment method. Antedated gear gives a yield to the regard of the given information, however more refreshed equpment gives a superior exhibition to the regard of given one. The clinical assessment strategy is synchronized to the advantage of the association, so it is critical to get changes in the event of assessment techniqu e just as (Victor Franckeiss, 2002). In case of this change, the way to deal with the authority should point on schedule. Time is imperative to an association as they need to have a most extreme activity to the regard of least time. So this is the thing that each association needs from their representatives to get profited of to the regard of time. On the off chance that an organization gets more execution by the regard of time, the administration will get more benefit. So the up degree of the equipment and programming gear will press the working time. Representatives can give greatest yield in regard of less time (Victor Franckeiss, 2002). There is another way to deal with the administration of the association which will be neighborly condition at the working environment. On the off chance that the new specialists can get courteous conduct, more amiable mentality from the mentors they can comprehend their activity all the more every now and again and this can give more profit to th e organization. As the new joiners will follow their activity all the more progressively, they can give their exhibition soon. So the mentors of the administration ought to be progressively neighborly in nature and more amiable to their learners. At the point when another joiner won't get terrified to get some information about their questions they will be near their administration all the more without any problem. So these are the methodologies which can be placed before the administration to refresh their activity systems. So the methodologies will be founded on correspondence among pioneers and representatives, time the board which could run the organization all the more as often as possible with the assistance of refreshed equipment and programming hardware, courteous conduct and more amicable condition in the working environment, understanding mentalities of the coaches towards the students. These all could be helpful to the association (Maruca, 2006). ID of the key components should be overseen during the change procedure Presently the key components or the variables which ought to be changed for the administration of the organization has been talked about before (Lewis, Passmore, Cantore, 2011). For improving result the administration of the association should focus on the part of refreshing equipment and programming hardware of the organization, rouse the laborers to carry out their responsibility in increasingly effective and better strategy, making a decent and persuasive condition for the fresher specialists of the association. These are the key focuses or components should be overseen during the time of getting changes in the association. At the point when the laborers get a revived situation, they can act in a casual brain and give the most capable activity to the administration. So the administration should hold a different opportunity to make reward to the laborers of the association (Calvez Gunette, 2003). As they are getting a period of food, they can unwind around then and get the vitality to perform better. Like this, the earth of the working environment ought to be lighter as the representatives would have the option to do the most handy activity at where they are working. There is another finding of an issue on the predated mechanical forms of the working hardware of the organization. From the outset, the old forms of the clinical assessment hardware ought to be evacuated. After that administration should put an eye on the new forms of the innovation, and afterward they will select a few specialists to locate a definitive gear what the association needs (Murrell Meredith, 2000). At that point the administration will get that refreshed gear to the organization and let their accomplished laborers put a take a stab at those. In the event that the accomplished laborers can perform better employment through the creative innovation adjustment, the organization will save different specialists to work with that new form gear. The exhibition of the laborers will get higher , and friends will get most extreme benefit in least time. Next there comes the correspondence hole between the mentors and students. In the greatest cases, the correspondence among mentors and the learners are not all that smooth that is the reason the post-preparing period execution of the greater part of the representatives are not all that well (Schermerhorn, Osborn, Hunt, 2000). The air of the preparation time frame ought to be more amiable towards the learners. The connection among learners and mentors ought to be progressively revived as the students can clear their questions through a quiet psyche and after they reach to their post-preparing pe

Consider whether Health Impact Assessment would be worthwhile for the Essay

Consider whether Health Impact Assessment would be advantageous for the Lancashire County Councils transport procedure for 2011-2021 - Essay Example This gives the undertaking a forefront in setting out a Health Impact Assessment. Lancashire County Council’s transport technique for 2011-2021 has advanced a Masterplan; Central Lancashire Highways and Transport Masterplan to address issues related with parkway transport framework in Lancashire County. The Masterplan sets out to managing the eventual fate of Central Lancashire Highway and transport systems. Among the choices recorded for the improvement of things to come of Lancashire’s transport framework incorporate, enhancing the accessible existing foundation to develop the expressway and transport framework. The outcome will be productive, as it will altogether improve open vehicle in the nation. All things considered, in spite of the improvement of open vehicle in the nation, does the strategy have any effect on the soundness of the network at Lancashire? Phases of HIA incorporate screening as initial step whereby conceivable wellbeing effects of the venture are distinguished, wide scope of partners and witnesses are met with, partners look at venture subtleties. In Lancashire, the Masterplan has partners who are the city tenants and teaming up accomplices. It likewise has sources who are the ones who have thought of the possibility of Highway extension. Task subtleties, for example, the spending plan, the time period, and work power can be inspected from the Masterplan. Furthermore, HIA must have the attributes of an undertaking addressing the soundness of the general population on the loose. Lancashire Highway and transportation Masterplan will enormously influence the wellbeing of people in general in both a constructive and adverse way. For example, general wellbeing is influenced by a scope of components, which may incorporate lodging, business openings, security of people in general and instruction, to make reference to yet a couple. The Lancashire Highway and Transportation Masterplan addresses every one of these viewpoints. To help this,all open domains for the Masterplan are structured with wellbeing improvement at mind. In internal East Preston,

Self-Help for Borderline Personality Disorder

Self-Help for Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Treatment Print Self-Help for Borderline Personality Disorder By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 05, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 22, 2019 Man reading book in cafe. Tara Moore More in BPD Treatment Diagnosis Living With BPD Related Conditions While borderline personality disorder (BPD)  is a serious condition that requires treatment by qualified mental health professionals, there are also sources of self-help (or self-guided strategies for symptom reduction) for people with BPD. These self-help strategies should be used in conjunction with formal treatments for BPD (such as psychotherapy and medication). Self-Help Education It is important to be educated about the BPD diagnosis, the symptoms of BPD, available treatments, and other facets of the disorder. In fact, most professional treatments for BPD include a psychoeducation component, and there is evidence that just receiving education about BPD can reduce symptoms.?? In addition to the education that you receive as part of treatment, however, it is possible to find additional information on your own. There are a variety of good sources of knowledge about BPD, including websites and books. It is important to remember, however, that not all sources of information are reliable. For example, while the internet can be an excellent source of reliable information, there is also unreliable information on the web. Self-Help Coping Skills Training Another appropriate use of self-help for BPD is in the area of coping skills training.?? Many people in treatment for BPD augment their formal skills training with informal self-guided training. To learn some coping skills that you can start using now, check out these resources. In addition, there are some very good books available to help you learn healthy coping skills. Two highly recommended books include: The Borderline Personality Disorder Survival Guide by Alex Chapman and Kim Gratz, 2007, New Harbinger Publications. The Dialectical Behavior Therapy Workbook: Practical DBT Exercises for Learning Mindfulness, Interpersonal Effectiveness, Emotion Regulation, Distress Tolerance by Matthew McKay, Jeffrey C. Wood, and Jeffrey Brantley, 2007, New Harbinger Publications. Self-Help Emotional Processing and Expression in BPD Some people find that processing or expressing emotions on their own can be a very useful way to engage in self-help. For example, some people write in a journal or blog, others draw or paint, and some find other creative, healthy ways to express their emotions. There is some research that suggests that expressive writing  can have a variety of positive consequences, including better physical health and reduced psychological symptoms.?? It is important to note that for some people, engaging in these types of strategies can feel overwhelming or triggering. If you feel you do not have the coping skills needed to manage the emotions that come from emotional processing activities, then you probably need to start with some coping skills training. However, if you and your therapist think you are ready to try emotional processing exercises, you may find that writing in a journal can be a good place to start.

The Design Argument Essay - 1582 Words

The Design Argument The name teleological is derived from the Greek word ‘telos’ meaning ‘end’ or ‘purpose’. Thus nature is viewed as directed in order that something beneficial may result. More popularly it is referred to as the ‘argument from design’, but this wording assumes the very thing that has to be proved. A better description would be the ‘argument for design’. This argument is by far the most popular and most often expressed by people. This is mainly due to the fact that people would like to re-affirm their belief in their God. As, if everyone around them were trying to prove that God didn’t existed, then them believing in a God would probably seem†¦show more content†¦Over the centuries there have been many people attempting to answer this question. One of these was Thomas Aquinas. Thomas was born near Naples, in Italy in the year 1225-1274. He later entered the Dominican Order. So we can see that he was quite a religious figure. Over the years he has greatly influenced teleological thinking, he has written a book called ‘The Five Ways’ which is arguing for the existence of God. Basically his main argument is that non-intelligent material things produce beneficial order. For this to happen there must be an intelligent being maneuvering these actions. And this being is God. As in his book he says, ‘We see that things that lack knowledge such as natural bodies, act for an end, and this is evident from their acting always, or nearly always, in the same way, so as to obtain the best result.’ What Aquinas means by this is that objects like trees, stars and other non-intelligent bodies do the same thing day in day out. But if we look at their functions in great depth we can see that without them doing their own concise job it would be hard for man and animals to exist. Let’s look at the acorn tree for example, if it didn’t drop its acorns in the autumn then animals such as squirrels would die over the winter as they would not have any food to take with themShow MoreRelatedAn Argument for Design1784 Words   |  8 PagesAdam Hubert PHI 150 Dr. Peterson Intelligent Design October 27, 2013 Take a moment to think about the world around you and all of its beauty. From the ever flowing Mississippi River, to the ledges of the mighty Grand Canyon, or even to the peak of Mt. Fuji there is an immense amount of things on this Earth that are so incredible it is hard to believe science and chance created these magnificent things. So what is the best explanation for these occurrences? I believe that these occurrencesRead MoreThe Design Argument : The Theory Argument1608 Words   |  7 PagesThe Design Argument In the past hundred years, a great debate has shaken the foundation religious and scientific beliefs of society. Philosophers have been arguing about such a debate for hundreds of years, but there does not seem to be any consensus on whether on the existence of god and the universe. The ancient world never battled over such questions, rather they had accepted the fact that the natural world was created by some being. However, as society made major advancements, the questionRead MoreThe Theory Of The Design Argument1201 Words   |  5 Pagesmakes of the design argument that are described in this chapter, Hume presents a third. He says that even if the design argument succeeds in showing that a designer made the universe (or the organisms in it), the argument does not succeed in establishing what characteristics that designer has. For this reason, the argument does not show that God exists. Is Hume’s claim correct? How seriously does this undermine the design argument? I think that Hume’s claim that the design argument does not succeedRead MoreThe Design Argument For The Existence Of God1286 Words   |  6 PagesONE The design argument for the existence of God follows the model: 1) In nature, things appear to work together for a clear purpose. 2) The best explanation for these relationships is that God designed these things. 3) Therefore, God exists, as he was the one who designed nature. This argument contends that an intelligent designer of the world does exist, and structured the universe so that most natural things fit together for a clear purpose. We can recognize that things in nature seemRead MoreThe Design Arguments For The Existence Of God1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe design arguments for the existence of God center on the principle that an intelligent designer, in this case God, has crafted our world so that each item has a purpose and significant meaning. Additionally, the world is a complex and sometimes enigmatic system of elements which work together to sustain life in a way that some argue is unlikely to have occurred by pure chance alone. Therefore, some philosophers credit a divine being as the source of this order and purpose in the universe. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil And The Design Argument1487 Words   |  6 Pages Problem of Evil and The Design Argument In order to explain the â€Å"Problem of Evil†, how it figures in Hume’s discussion of the argument from design and whether there is a personal acceptance of it, each point needs to be examined. Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion utilizes three characters to represent difference perspectives to the existence of God: Cleanthes, Demea, and Philo. Cleanthes is a skeptic that provides the key voice to the argument from design. Philo, said to be the representationRead MoreThe Ontological, Cosmological, And Design Argument1624 Words   |  7 PagesGod they do not need science to show proof that he exists because of their morals and beliefs they have been raised to follow. In this paper I will prove that God does exist by explaining the ontological, cosmological, and design argument. The ontological argument was an argument created by Saint Anselm. Anselm argued that if we thought about what God is and what he can do then we know he must exist. What Anselm means by this is that if our minds can think of something so great like God, we shouldRead MoreThe Design Argument for the Existence of God Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesThe Design Argument for the Existence of God While theology may take Gods existence as absolutely necessary on the basis of authority, faith, or discovery, many philosophers have thought it possible to demonstrate by reason that there must be a God. The teleological argument, also known as the argument from design quite simply states that a designer must exist since the universe and living things display elements of design in their order, consistency, unity and patternRead MoreThe Teleological Argument For The Existence Of Intelligent Design1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe teleological argument successfully provides proof for the existence of intelligent design by utilizing intricate scientific data in order to demonstrate intent and purpose in the creation of the universe, as opposed to random and highly improbable occurrences. The purpose of the teleological argument is to present complex details of the universe as evidence that it was designed by an intelligent mind. It suggests that since the universe is so compound and full of fine-tuned intricacies, thereRead MoreThe Design Argument for the Existence of God Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesThe Design Argument for the Existence of God The basis and structure towards the Design Argument is all about a creator and designer whom set things and planned everything to be the way it is today. Unlike the cosmological argument, the Design Argument is a lot simpler to understand and has simple steps towards it. The main point that the Design Argument claims is the fact that everything in nature seems to be put together in just the right manner suggests that an intelligent

Social Construction of Childhood Essay - 1286 Words

1. Introduction Social constructionism gives meaning to phenomenon in social context and connections between culture and society build up realities in their circumstances. The studies of this idea have been conducted more than thirty years by a number of North American, British and continental writers (Burr, 1995). However, in childhood studies this notion appears later on. It is mostly held universally, childhood is a stage that biologically existing in human life in early years. It should be considered this childhood is constructed in the society. As a social being, it brings into the mind the relationship between society and child, inevitably. However, the dominant understanding of childhood attributes biological and social†¦show more content†¦This paper aims to suggest social construction is an important approach when it comes to explain childhood phenomenon, but it must be considerate biological components. Background theories of Social constructionism Starting with an overview of social constructionism in very general terms leads to build more explicit an understanding of child and childhood in a social world. The notion of social constructionism is defined in diverse disciplines and instead of generating a single description there are a number of thoughts. â€Å"It is sometimes called a movement, at other times a position, a theory, a theoretical orientation, an approach; psychologists remain unsure of its status† (Stam 2001, p. 294)†. Vivien (1995, p. 10) points out that the origin of social constructionism stems from two to three hundred years ago in the period of enlightenment, modernism and postmodernism. Berger and Luckmann’ (1966) book The Social Construction of Reality as the first book to have the title of â€Å"social construction†, has made an influential contribution in recent studies (Hacking, 1999). In this book, questioning everyday life realities and giving examples from it, shows the imp ortance of social relations and the language that we used. Hacking’s (1999) The Social Construction of What? offers up-to-date and logical instances which enable us to comprehend these aspects. He lists a number of things that can beShow MoreRelatedSocial Construction Of Childhood Essay770 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning of social construction of childhood. I am very familiar with the history of psychology and children’s literature. My grandmother used to live with us when I was a young, and she told me many stories of the past. For this reason, I am able to link the materials I study to the real world. The social construction of childhood is somehow new to me. Especially the way Postman (1999) expresses social construction of childhood. For example, he stated, â€Å"In the twentieth century, childhood began toRead MoreChildhood Is The Social Construction Of Children1606 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood is the social construction of children, where they develop and under stand different relationships and cultures in their society. Children grow up during their childhood, when they realise their â€Å"sense of meaning in their lives† (Layard and Dunn 2009, p.9), by socializing and personal development. Childhood starts with a family, which is the beginning of life. Family is where children first learn about the world. In children’s perspective, as long as family members love each other, it isRead MoreChildhood And The Family A Social Construction1497 Words   |  6 Pagesdirectly influences the childhood and family relationship, something I aim to explore in this assignment. Is childhood and the family a social construction? Childhood according to Aries (1960) in his book ‘Centuries of Childhood’ is that childhood is not seen as a natural occurrence but a concept created by society. This has been argued and furthermore been researched by Cunningham (2006) in his book the ‘Invention of Childhood’, where he highlights the historical features of childhood in the Middle AgesRead MoreThe Social Construction of Childhood Essay2194 Words   |  9 Pagesand across cultures. â€Å"The essence of childhood studies is that childhood is a social and cultural phenomenon† (James, 1998). Evident that there are in fact multiple childhoods, a unifying theme of childhood studies is that childhood is a social construction and aims to explore the major implications on future outcomes and adulthood. Recognizing childhood as a social construction guides exploration through themes to a better understanding of multiple childhoods, particularl y differences influencingRead MoreEssay on Social Construction of Child and Childhood1406 Words   |  6 PagesSocial construction of child and childhood To start with an overview of social constructionism in very general terms leads to build understandings of child and childhood in a social world more explicitly. Notion of social construction is defined in diverse disciplines and instead of generating a description there are a number of thoughts. â€Å"It is sometimes called a movement, at other times a position, a theory, a theoretical orientation, an approach; psychologists remain unsure of its status (StamRead MoreAssess the Sociological Explanation That Childhood Is a Social Construction.1499 Words   |  6 Pagesexplanation that childhood is a social construction. Childhood is the time of a person’s life when they are a child. Childhood is said to be socially constructed, meaning that it has not been influenced by nature but has been shaped by the quality of family life and the culture within society. The social construction of childhood points out that childhood is dependent on a number of social factors rather than a biological stage. Sociologists argue about what the term ‘childhood’ actually means. TheyRead MoreTo What Extent Can Childhood Be Considered a Social Construction?1489 Words   |  6 Pageswhat extent can childhood be considered a social construction? This essay will analyse the major experiences by which childhood is constructed: one determined by the society and the other examined personally. Following this approach will be explained socially constructed childhood that asserts children’s attitudes, expectations and understandings that are defined by a certain society or culture. Furthermore various aspects of childhoods will be taken into account in relation to social, economic, historicalRead MoreExamine How Social, Historical and Spatial Constructions of Childhood and or Youth Inform the Design, Practices and Values of a Selected Institution of Childhood or Young People.733 Words   |  3 PagesExamine how social, historical and spatial constructions of childhood and or youth inform the design, practices and values of a selected institution of childhood or young people. Childhood is not a biological state, unlike infancy (Postman) it is a construction placed upon a group of humans by society (James and Prout). Differing societies have different views of what a child is and should be. The ideas surrounding children and childhood not only differ within different societies there are alsoRead MoreCo Constructive Environments Create Learning Opportunities For Children927 Words   |  4 Pages Co-constructive environments create learning opportunities for children. The learning strategy of co-construction is an extension of the philosophy of constructivism that maintains interpretation is required to â€Å"make meaning† of the world (Schwandt, as cited in MacNaughton Williams, 2009). The early childhood setting often bases their program on the developmental play curriculum as this relates to Piaget’s theory of children’s cognition. This approach is about the child constructing their ownRead MoreHow Childhood Has Changed over the Centuries1220 Words   |  5 Pagesideas about childhood over the centuries, there are several points of discussion that arise. Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues which have contributed greatl y to the changing ideas about childhood over the centuries, which are; the recognition of childhood and innocence

Are Mobile Phones a Necessity Free Essays

Mobile phones take a big part in our lifes nowadays. Although they are very useful, some people are beginning to ask if they are good for us or we really need them. In my opinion, we can’t talk about an easy life without mobile phone. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Mobile Phones a Necessity? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the first place, as their reason to be invented, we can connect with other people whenever and wherever we want. We can send messages to people and sometimes it can be very important. Especially at deathlines your saviors are mobile phones. Furthermore, as technology is improved, we can do more than just sending messages or talking with someone with mobile phones. We can save our files, listen music and we can connect to internet. We can receive and share a lot of things. And mobile phones’ cameras are very improved, we can catch very good scenes from life†¦ Nevertheles, there are so many people who say that mobile phones are making our lifes â€Å"short†. I mean mobile phones have a weak point: Radition. As many doctors say, mobile phones spread radition, which can be very dangerous for human life. Also, people say that mobile phones kill face to face relationship, basically people do not go to see their relatives, just call them. All in all, despite their weak points, mobile phones are making the life easier. I believe in future radition problem will be solved and mobiles phones will be exactly safe. And we have not to forget this: People make inventions good or bad†¦ How to cite Are Mobile Phones a Necessity?, Papers

English British Journal of Psychiatry

Question: Discuss about theEnglishfor British Journal of Psychiatry. Answer: Introduction: Literature is the reflection of reality. The life of every human being is amalgamated with struggles and twists. Innumerable hindrances come in the different pathways and difficulties are the part of life. This particular study has provided a clear knowledge and understanding on how the human being has to overcome various challenges in their day-to-day life. Three different stories created by three separate authors have been presented in this particular study. People tend to show their interest for quenching the thirst of literature only when the literature is blended with fiction. However, the entire story is endowed with the psychological and mental dilemmas among family relationship. The stories that have been selected for the critical analysis of this study include Auntie Annie and Monty, The Day when Mum Went to the Hostel and The Strength of Tradition. In every single story the author has depicted the depth of every individual relationship in a simple, lucid way. First Story: The first story Auntie Annie and Monty established by Graham Calley has presented a simple vista of healthy family relationship. A child is the spokesperson of this particular story. It has been observed that the rhythm of a happy family and their daily lifestyle has become out of track due to the entrance of third person[1]. The story begins with the entrance of Auntie Annie. A pretty and beautiful woman endowed with red hairs entered into the home slowly. Child being the protagonist has presented the entire story in such a way that readers can relate themselves into their practical field of life[2]. The internal clash between the husband and wife has a major reflection on the mind of children. In this particular study, the story has presented a major vista on how a happy married life can be destructed due to the unexpected situations. As per the description of the child, it has been observed that the actual identity of Annie is quite questionable to everyone. While introducing with the kids, Annie has never exposed the real identity[3]. However, the author has presented the character of Mum in an excellent way. Mum being a homemaker and devoted woman towards her husband never intends to tolerate Annie in talking with her husband excessively. The triangular relationships and its reflection on the mind of innocent children have been presented beautifully in this particular study. Second Story: The second story The Day When Mum Went to the Hostel written by Leah Wilson reveals the journey of a young women and her hardships for bringing up a child. The story depicts a sorrowful vista on how a woman had left the home being deprived of her family. When she set out for a new journey in order to establish her only child, this innocent woman was possessed with a limited number of money that was not sufficient for bringing up a child properly. The story begins with the extreme pangs and pathos of a young woman who had left her home for establishing her child in the realm of new journey. While dealing with the outside World, this woman had to face innumerable difficulties with the outside World[4]. The driver who had given the lift at that night intended to humiliate desperately. Whenever, the woman approached to reach them up to the womens hostel, the driver supposed to be the aboriginal hostel. This kind of humiliation had intensely touched the sentiment of a young woman[5]. Throughout the entire story, the author has maintained a realistic approach with the help of which the readers can relate themselves with the realistic world. The entire theme of the story has been presented in lucid language so that the readers do not have to struggle for understanding the essence of the message. Third Story: On the other hand, The Change of Tradition established by Judah Waten has rendered different kinds of flavor where the author has beautifully presented the difference of attitude of a person. Mr Ekdom is the real protagonist of this short story. The author has begun the story describing on how a person has to face immense challenges when this individual has to spend a life in different place[6]. Mr Ekdom had to face the same situation. From the very beginning, Ekdom had maintained a keen watch on his three daughters. The daughters were not free to spend their lifestyle as per their own way. The story is endowed with the family relationships and the different opinions of every family member individually. In one situation, Ekdom has decided to leave the home silently due to the mental dilemmas[7]. At the end of the story, Ekdom is seen to set out for the new journey and established a temporary residence absolutely in a different city. Own Point of View: The central themes of the three stories are surrounded with the family relationships and the mental dilemmas. The first story is endowed with the triangular relationship among two women and a person. The character of Annie has been portrayed beautifully throughout the entire story. However, after analyzing the entire story, it can be evaluated that the author has ended the conclusion in a sudden manner. In addition, some of the expressions remained extreme hypothetical that the readers may not relate with their practical experience. The second story has presented the journey of a woman in an excellent way. This particular story is out-an-out realistic where the readers would be able to relate themselves with the practical world. Conclusion: Portraying different vistas of family life is the primary concern of this particular story. Readers tend to show their interest for going through a particular story only when they can relate themselves with the practical field. This particular story is possessed with different kinds of characters who represented the role of every single member of a family possessed with various temperaments. The ways of expression of the three different authors are noteworthy. While reading the story, the readers can relate themselves with the practical field. Reference List: Bognar G, 'Human Enhancement, Edited By Julian Savulescu And Nick Bostrom.' (2012) 121 Mind Caan W, 'Mind, Modernity, Madness: The Impact Of Culture On Human Experience' (2014) 204 The British Journal of Psychiatry Cheever N and others, 'Out Of Sight Is Not Out Of Mind: The Impact Of Restricting Wireless Mobile Device Use On Anxiety Levels Among Low, Moderate And High Users' (2014) 37 Computers in Human Behavior Goldberg A, 'Greenfeld, Liah Mind, Modernity, Madness: The Impact Of Culture On Human Experience 2013 Harvard University Press 688 Pp 36.95 (Hardcover)' (2014) 65 The British Journal of Sociology Jones P, 'Mind Games: Mind Control In YA Literature' (2012) 39 The ALAN Review Kekes J, 'Nature, Reason, And The Good Life: Ethics For Human Beings, By Roger Teichmann.' (2012) 121 Mind Westermeyer J, 'Mind, Modernity, Madness: The Impact Of Culture On Human Experienceby Greenfeldliah. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 2013, 688 Pp., $45.00.' (2014) 171 American Journal of Psychiatry

Desert Ecosystem

Introduction An ecosystem can be described as an environment that is biological and includes all living organisms that could be found in that area. It also includes physical components, which are nonliving, in the area. Examples include the air, sunlight, water and soil. It also describes how the biological organisms interact with these nonliving things in their habitat. Therefore, a desert ecosystem can simply be described as living organisms in a desert together with how they interact with their desert environment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Desert Ecosystem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This ecosystem is present in most parts of the world. It can as well be found in the United State of America, especially North America. These deserts are mostly found between the east of Sierra Mandrel Oriental and the mostly Rocky Mountains. There is also the Transverse, Peninsular Ranges and Sierra Nevada that are maj orly due to the western rain shadow. To cut the chase, there are about 3 greatest deserts in North America. Chihuahuan Desert covers Texas, Mexico, Arizona and New Mexico and is about 140,000 sq miles. Sonoran Desert covers California, Mexico and Arizona and is approximately 120,000 sq miles. Mojave Desert covers Utah, Nevada, California and Arizona and is about 22,000 sq miles (Defenders, 2007). Others include Alvord Desert in the County of Harney south-eastern parts of Oregon, Amargosa in Nevada County of Nye and Baja in California. Desert climate could be defined as one that does not stand a chance of being classified as polar climate. It is thus characterized by very low amounts of precipitation which is always not enough to enable the proper blossoming of vegetation and hence the term arid climate. Precipitation in desert areas would mostly be less than 250mm each year. Although some area might experience more than 250 mm of precipitation, these areas would end up losing more i n form of vapor and hence end up still retaining their desert nature. The mean temperature varies from an average of 180 C for hot deserts to between 0 and -30C for cold deserts. Additionally, these desert environments would always have an annual precipitation The type of vegetation in this ecosystem has drastically been made to adapt to these harsh climatic conditions. Therefore, these many plants have ended up thriving in these conditions. Such an example is the famous cactus called saguaro which could be found mostly in the Sonoran desert. Other cactus plants include prickly pear organ pipe and many others. Shrubs are also found in these places for example the desert sunflower in the Baja California. Xeric shrubs can also be found in these ecological regions. They however create some varied associations that are based on conditions of the soil and the general elevation. Therefore to summaries, these desert ecosystems would normally have shrubs and cactus forming the major part of their vegetation.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Just like any other place, there would be animals that are specially adapted to these desert conditions. Snakes and lizards form the first batch of wildlife that is adapted to these harsh climatic conditions. This is due to their ability to survive scarce water conditions due to their thick hardy skin or sometimes spiny to prevent water loss. Some of the other animals in the desert include the Mexican gray wolf or the famously called el lobo in the Sonaran desert (Elora, 2003). Other wildlife in this desert is the mountain lion, horned owl and the all too famous rattlesnake. Most of the animals in these hot places are usually buff colored or a bit light gray. This is usually so as to provide adequate amount of camouflage. It also acts as a form of preventing absorption of light. Most of these animals could as well be found in other North American Deserts. A typical food chain in the ecosystem includes the shrubs or cactus acting as the autotrophs or producers. In deserts like the Baja desert, the major consumer of this vegetation is the Mule deer. The deer along with other herbivores like the Desert Bighorn sheep forms the second level of the food chain. Unfortunately for them, they become the major target of other omnivores and carnivores like the mountain lion and the coyote. However, it all comes down to the decomposers like bacteria who form the fourth level in the food chain (Amsheri, 2005). These organisms feed on dead plants and animals eventually returning the nutrients to the soil where. An example of a prey/Predator relationship that exists in these deserts is the one between the Big Horn sheep and the Kit fox in the Sonoran Desert. Another relationship is between the coyotes and other small animals in the Baja desert like the rats. Environmental issues in play in these deserts include the threat from the human population. This is from game hunting and overgrazing in the little remaining shrubs in the desert. This is especially true in the California desert of Baja. Other environmental issues affecting this desert include the continuing expansion of the desert due to increasingly higher global temperatures. References Amsheri, A. (2005). Desert Food Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Desert Ecosystem specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Defenders. (2007). Desert Habitat Facts. Web. Elora, P. (2003). Sonoran Desert. Web. This essay on Desert Ecosystem was written and submitted by user Kourtney Madden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

20 Top Party Colleges Can You Still Get a Good Education

20 Top Party Colleges Can You Still Get a Good Education SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In popular culture, college life is often portrayed as a nonstop party full of fun, bacchanalian times. While these portrayals are a bit exaggerated, some colleges have garnered reputations as being particularly festive. This raises the following questions:should you go to a party school? And can you get a good education at a party school? In this article, I'll define what a party school is, provideparty school rankings, and explain how you can still get a quality education from a college known for its epic parties. What Is a Party School? A party school has a very active on-campus party scene. In other words, there are frequent and numerous parties, which are usuallywell attended and act as popular social events for students. Universitiesthat are described as party schools generally have high rates of student drinking and drug use as well as a large number of fraternities and sororities. What Are the Top Party Colleges? Our list below is based onThe Princeton Review's listof the top 20 party schools in the US. Their list was created using students' answers to survey questions. According to The Princeton Review, the biggestparty schoolsare those at which students indicated a combination of low daily personal study hours (outside of class), high usages of alcohol and drugs on-campus, and high popularity of fraternities and sororities. Most top party schools are large public universities. Because large schools have more students, they often have a more vibrant social scene and more fraternities and sororities. Below, I'vecreated a table with the top 20 party schools, their undergraduate enrollments, and the average range of standardized test scores of admitted applicants. All private colleges arein bold. marsmettnn tallahaassee/Flickr Rank School Location Undergraduate Enrollment Middle 50% SAT Middle 50% ACT 1 University of Delaware Newark, DE 18,144 50-1330 25-29 2 West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 22,504 1010-1200 21-27 3 Tulane University New Orleans, LA 6,773 1350-1490 30-33 4 Syracuse University Syracuse, NY 15,252 60-1350 25-30 5 Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA 3,6 1250-1420 28-31 6 Lehigh University Bethlehem, PA 5,075 1270-1430 29-32 7 University of California- Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 22,186 1240-1470 26-32 8 University of Wisconsin- Madison Madison, WI 32,196 1280-1450 27-31 9 Colgate University Hamilton, NY 2,873 1310-1500 31-33 10 University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI 14,470 1090-1260 23-27 The University of Alabama- Tuscaloosa Tuscaloosa, AL 33,028 1060-1280 23-31 12 University of Vermont Burlington, VT ,339 80-1350 25-30 13 Providence College Providence, RI 4,306 60-1330 26-30 14 Wake Forest University Winston Salem, NC 5,102 1260-1440 28-32 15 Union College (NY) Schenectady, NY 2,267 1270-1430 29-32 16 University of Maine Onoro, ME 9,279 1050-1250 22-27 17 University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL 33,955 1280-1480 26-32 18 University of Florida Gainesville, FL 35,246 1240-1410 28-32 19 Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 33,093 90-1330 26-30 20 Sonoma State University Rohnert Park, CA 8,551 980-70 19-24 Can You Get a Good Education at a Party School? You can definitely get a good education at a party school. Some of the top party collegesare also some of the best schoolsin the US. For example,the University of Wisconsin- Madison, the #8 ranked party school, was ranked the #15public school in the US by US News. Meanwhile, UCSB, the #7 ranked party school, is ranked both the #5 public school and the #30 national university by US News. It’s part of the University of California system, which includes some of the top research universities in the world. Finally, the University of Illinois- Urbana-Champaign (the #17 party school) hasthe bestgraduate program in library and information science in the nation. It's also important to note that not all students who attend top partycolleges participate in the party culture.Even at party schools, there are many students who don’t party. Students who don’t party often find a community of like-minded students in their dorms or in various on-campus organizations.Especially at large public universities, there are so many students that you're bound to find plenty of people who aren’t party animals. How Do You Get a Good Education at a Party School? At almost every college, there are parties and temptation that can get in the way of your studies.At party schools, there's even more temptation because there are more parties and more students who like to party. Personally, Idon’t think there’s anything wrong with doing some partying in college, but you have to take care that you're not letting your partying get in the way of your academic success. As long as you do the following, you’ll be able to enjoy the occasional party and get an exceptional education. #1: Manage Your Time Regardless of whether you party or not, time management is essential when you’re in college.For many students, college is the first time they don’t have their parents regularly telling them what to do and when to do it. If you've got a test Friday morning, you need to have the discipline to not stay out late partying on Thursday instead of preparing for your test and getting a good night's sleep.If you've got a big paper due Monday, maybe you shouldn’t spend all weekend partying and start your paper Sunday evening. Even though some students can get away with this behavior, I wouldn’t advise it. To manage your time more effectively, I recommend establishing a routine each semester that will enable your academic success.Many of my Stanford peers would dedicate themselves to studying Monday-Thursday nights, relax and have fun Friday nights and Saturdays, and spend most of the day on Sundays on their academics. The amount of time you need to spend studying and doing classwork willvarydepending on your class schedule and academic strengths, but it's imperative you develop habits that will allow you to be successful. If you're working part-time or participating in athletics or other extracurricular activities, you'll have less available study time, so you'll have to manage your time exceptionally well. At Stanford, I was on the gymnastics team and had an on-campus job. Because my free time was limited, I knew that I had to take advantage of the hours I had available to focus on my academics. I did a decent job of managing my time, so I was ultimately able to have ample time for fun, too. #2: Remember Your Priorities Reminding yourself why you're in college can help prevent you from letting parties take precedence.You probably worked hard in high school and chose to attend college to get a quality education and useful opportunities. What's more, college is a costly investment. If you neglect your studies to party, you’re not getting the most out of your educational opportunities. For 2018-19, the total cost of attendance for one year at Tulane- the #3 party school- is more than $72,000. Hopefully, you wouldn’t want to pay that much money just so you can play beer pong with your friends! #3: Choose Your Classes Wisely When you’re choosing your class schedule, try to pick the classes that interest you and will help you graduate with your desired major. Too many students try to avoid Friday classes or early morning classes so that school won’t interfere with their partying.Because of your other responsibilities and time commitments, you might not be able to take every class that interests you, but, ideally, you won't allow your intended partying schedule to influence the classes you take. Admittedly, I didn’t like early morning classes and preferred not to take them because I’m not a morning person. However, I still ended up taking all the classes I needed and wanted to take. #4: Maintain Balance In college, you’re likely going to have to juggle a number of responsibilities, in addition to the parties you might be attending. Many college students go to class, work, and participate in extracurricular activities. They can’t party so much that it takes away from their other responsibilities, but they’re able to find the time to be able to work hard and play hard. On the other hand, there are many students who spend so much time in the library that they forget to have fun and interact socially with their peers. I definitely encountered some of these students during my time at Stanford.I recommend that you make sure to have fun while you’re in college and enjoy yourself. I’m not advocating breaking any laws, but some of my greatest memories are from my social activities with my friends while I was in college. Parties can help form and strengthen friendships,and they can give you some quality stories you’ll cherish when you’re older and all your friends are too busy to party. dennis crowley/Flickr Conclusion: Should You Go to a Party School? Even though you’re not in college to party, parties can be a large part of the college experience, regardless of the school you attend. While party schools have more parties more often, you can still get a quality education from a party school. One of my friends who went to the University of Illinois excelled during his undergraduate years and ended up getting a PhD in Engineering from UC Berkeley. On the other hand, another friend who went there spent too much time partying and lost his athletic scholarship due to drug use. Similarly, even at a college that's not considered a party school, you can party too hard and suffer academic, legal, or health consequences due to irresponsible partying. In large part, the quality of your education and your future success is dependent on the choices you make while you’re in school. If you make wise choices and prioritize your time, you can get an exceptional education- and have fun doing so! What's Next? As you're trying to decide the right school for you, make sure you understandhow to research colleges effectively. If you want to attend a school that embraces diversity, check out my articles on the most diverse colleges and the most LGBTQ-friendly colleges. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Financial Markets and Institutions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Markets and Institutions - Assignment Example The basic foundation of a central bank serving as a lender of last resort is that in an economy, panics can occur which leads to bank runs. In such a situation, those maintaining deposits in commercial banks withdraw their funds from the bank as a result of economic speculation or fear over negative economic consequences. During a bank run, commercial banks can become insolvent, requiring the assistance of an institution (the central bank) to ensure that banks maintain liquidity is such a phenomenon occurs. Being the lender of last resort has become controversial, especially considering events during the recent global economic recession where many central banks injected capital into banks that were facing insolvency. Over-reliance on the central bank impacts other sectors in an economy. This essay explores the role of the central bank, emphasising why being a lender of last resort maintains many controversial implications from multiple perspectives. Evidence is that the controversy hails from irresponsible banking management and from poor fiscal policy developments concocted by the central bank itself. Central banks supply liquidity insurance to the commercial banking system which consequently endows liquidity insurance to other aspects of an economy, including corporations. Funds available for this action in a central bank encompasses notes held by public investors and reserves (deposits) sustained by a nation’s banks. These funds are manifested by the central bank as a result of autonomous will assuring that its value is comparable to products and services value in the economy. It is through these activities that an economy achieves macroeconomic stability. Concurrently, the central bank mandates the reserves that must be held by banks to insulate them from potential bank runs. Therefore, the central bank guarantees that commercial banks meet stringent standards of ensuring solvency. However, in 2007, many commercial

Development of a MARKETING PLAN for Fat Face Ltd in Canada Essay

Development of a MARKETING PLAN for Fat Face Ltd in Canada - Essay Example In addition to its clothing business operations, the company also focuses on charitable activities so as to dispose its social responsibilities more efficiently. â€Å"Life is out there, make the most of it† is the philosophy followed by the Fat Face Ltd (‘History our philosophy’, Fat Face, n.d.). The company is always careful in preserving its employees’ interests and wellbeing. Recently, the company has appointed Anthony Thompson as its new Chief Executive. The Fat Face’s latest financial reports reflect that the company is growing fastly. The firm’ financial statements in 2010 indicates that the company achieved a sales rise by 4.3% and obtained a revenue of 135.4 million over the year. In order to take advantages of this increased market demand, the company is trying to open subsidiaries across the globe. This paper intends to develop a marketing plan for Fat face Ltd in Canada. Canadian market conditions When a firm plans to launch its br anches in a foreign region, it must be aware of the different market aspects of the target country. In the given case, the Fat Face Ltd proposes to launch its product lines in the Canadian market. Canada is a North American country that constitutes 0.5% of the world’s population. Although Canada represents smaller proportion of population, according to UN HDI, â€Å"Canada accounts for 2.2% of global emissions† (Canada: Country analysis report’, March 2010). In order to mitigate the increasing environmental problems, the government has imposed restrictions on certain type of industries. However, the PESTLE analysis highlights that Canada is a high potential country in terms of government effectiveness. The Canadian political world is dominated by the conservative and Liberal parties which together form the strong democratic set-up of Canada. The Canadian government encourages regional trade and it adds to the industrial viability of the nation. It is observed th at Canada always keeps better foreign relationship that makes the country a potential market for international expansion. These positive factors would certainly assist Fat Face to run its venture in Canada with little chance of unexpected interruption. At the same time, disparity in developmental operations seriously impinges on the sustainable economic growth of the country. The Canadian economic features of strong banking system and extreme business freedom make the nation’s market potential for foreign business magnets. The global economic slowdown has affected the nation’s development to a large extent because the situation forced Canadian government to extend the rate of unemployment benefits and cut down personal income. The nation’s low productivity can also be directly attributed to the global financial crisis. At this juncture, the unsatisfactory employment rate of Canada is beneficial for Fat Face as this condition would offer sufficient employees/manp ower to the firm. Moreover, the impeded economic development may persuade the Canadian government to welcome the arrival of a leading clothing industry to their market. The PESTLE analysis also reveals that country’s population aged 65 and above frequently increases; it may adversely affect the company’

Squash Agility In Season Training Physical Education Essay

Squash Agility In Season Training Physical Education Essay Introduction Squash is a sport which is played by 2 individuals and sometimes played in doubles. The game is played in a 4 walled court sometimes made of glass, and uses a hollow rubber ball, which can be changed depending on the skill level of the player and the colour dot used/ ball type. Squash is a high intensity fitness sport and is not for the faint hearted, this sport places high demands on the energy systems of the body namely the aerobic and anaerobic systems. As squash is a sport which involves the movement of the entire body it is import to condition the body in order to produce the best results. Squash not only relies on the energy systems, but the players ability to reach any part of the court at any given time to play the ball, then get back to the T which is the most dominant position on the court, this is because from the T to any position on the court is shortest distance covered and thus you would have the upper hand against your opponent. Other demands are also placed on the pl ayers such as the ability to change direction quickly while maintaining dynamic balance; this is otherwise known as agility. Agility is very import in squash, in fact without it squash would be next to impossible, the more agile an individual the more likely them being able to retrieve a ball anywhere on the court at any given time. In order to be a successful squash player you need to have a varied training program, variety is the best way in order to improve as the body is placed under stress continually and never gets time to adapt. Us as humans have the ability to adapt quickly thus the muscles and training methods need to follow this trend, sticking to the same training trend will lead to a plateau and will decrease training performance as well as match performance, as said earlier. Agility is an important part of squash and in this assignment I plan to approach it in a way in which an in season training program will produce the best results for a squash player, finding the right balance between all the aspects that make up the game is key. Agility is made up of four main components and they are balance; the ability of the squash player to maintain balance while moving in any direction; speed, the ability of the squash player to move any part of their body at any given time quickly; strength, the ability of the muscles or the muscle groups to overcome the resistance applied to them and finally co-ordination, the ability to control the movement of the body in co-operation with the bodys sensory functions, an example of this would be using the racket to hit the ball while running in a sideways direction. All of these four aspects can be improved by developing weekly training programs which incorporate drills that are effective and efficient enough to produce the required results depending on the season training which in the case of this assignment is an In season agility training approach. Chapter 2: Physiology Energy Systems During physical fitness training for squash we train and recruit the two energy systems because squash is considered as a whole body activity, squash is a sport that demands a high levels of aerobic fitness as well anaerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance can be sub-divided as follows: Short anaerobic less than 25 seconds (mainly alactic) Medium anaerobic 25 seconds to 60 seconds (mainly lactic) Long anaerobic 60 seconds to 120 seconds (lactic +aerobic) These energy systems are crucial in the athletes ability to perform during high intensity matches, as well as weekly training program developed to improve overall fitness. During exercise the energy for muscular contractions is provided by these energy systems, which are the Aerobic and Anaerobic systems. Aerobic Energy System The term aerobic means in the presence or with oxygen, how it works is that the aerobic energy systems uses oxygen to produce energy, from the metabolic breakdown of fats as well as carbohydrates. The aerobic energy system is located in the mitochondria of the cell muscle fibre itself. These mitochondria are cellular energy factories if to say that are designed to make metabolism more effective and efficient and thus in turn synthesize or breakdown carbohydrates and fats as stated before to produce energy in the form of ATP. Energy cannot be created or destroyed but merely transformed from one form to another, thus the energy from the oxygen present is used to transform carbohydrates and fats into ATP. ATP or otherwise known as Adenosine Triphosphate is a nucleotide which is derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue. ATP is the major source of energy for cellular reactions, and is thus a very important compound in terms of human survival. During the metabolic breakdown of carbohydrates and fats in the presence of oxygen in the aerobic system, the process yields 36 units of ATP which is said to be very efficient; this process is known as the Krebs Cycle. During training for squash or during squash matches the aerobic energy pathways utilize energy sources to provide the ATP required for specific muscle groups to contract effectively over long periods of time. These energy pathways are more efficient than the anaerobic pathways, as they get more energy from each molecule of glucose that is synthesized. In aerobic energy system , endurance trained muscle contains more intramuscular fat and highly trained endurance muscles are better suited to use fat as an energy source during exercise. Although this is only true to an extent, due to the fact that fat requires large amounts of oxygen for it to be synthesized efficiently, during high intensity exercise oxygen becomes limited and the burning of this fat is not viable, so the body has to look for other forms of energy to keep producing the muscular contractions required to perform the exercise. Fibre type In the aerobic energy system there are fibres in the muscle which are specific to this system and these fibres are known as slow twitch fibres. These slow twitch fibres generate energy for ATP re-synthesis by means of a long term system of aerobic energy transfer. They tend to have a low activity level of ATPase, a slower speed of contraction with a less well developed glycolytic capacity. They contain large and numerous mitochondria and with the high levels of myoglobin that gives them a red pigmentation. They have been demonstrated to have high concentration of mitochondrial enzymes, thus they are fatigue resistant. In the aerobic energy system you have two types of main fibres and they are: Type I Red fibres Slow oxidative fibres (also called slow twitch or fatigue resistant fibres). These fibres allow squash players to partake in long intense games which can last for over an hour, thus providing aerobic endurance to these players. Their production is utilized after about 90 seconds of any given activity, thus after the anaerobic energy systems resources have been fully utilized These fibres Contain: Large amounts of myoglobin present. Many mitochondria. Many blood capillaries. Generate ATP by the aerobic system, hence the term oxidative fibres. Split ATP at a slow rate. Slow contraction velocity. Resistant to fatigue. Found in large numbers in postural muscles. Needed for aerobic activities, or long rallies in a squash match which can last a few minutes over the time that the anaerobic system can provide energy for(90 seconds or longer), thus revealing why these fibres are known for endurance. Type II a Red fibres Fast oxidative (also called fast twitch A or semi fatigue resistant fibres). These fibres Contain: Large amounts of Myoglobin. Many mitochondria. Many blood capillaries. A High capacity for generating ATP by oxidation. Split ATP at a very rapid rate and, hence, high contraction velocity. Resistant to fatigue but not as much as slow oxidative fibres. Needed for the transition between the anaerobic phase and aerobic phase, utilized between 25 and 89 seconds (so after the type II B fibres are fatigued, and before the type I fibres become utilized) Anaerobic Energy System The anaerobic system derives its energy from the breakdown of carbohydrates without the need of oxygen (or due to the lack of oxygen present in the metabolic pathways) to synthesize the reactions taking place hence the term anaerobic meaning no oxygen present or lack of it. The anaerobic system provides an athlete with the energy we require at the start of an exercise with the initial increase in pace for example. This energy source however is not sufficient enough to last for long periods of time through the exercise and soon as this initial energy is expended the aerobic energy system takes over as the primary ATP provider for the sport specific muscular contractions. The anaerobic system is limited and very inefficient; thus it is said to waste vast amounts of expended energy in the process. This system relies on the breakdown of stored compounds in order to produce the energy required upon request. These energy compounds are very high in energy and are often in limited supply in the human body, thus explaining as to why anaerobic effort is very intense and can only be sustained for brief periods at any given time. The energy system also makes use of stored glycogen in the muscle, this glycogen when synthesized only produces a small amount of ATP, one of the down sides of this is the metabolic waste product called lactic acid, this process of the breakdown of glycogen to lactic acid is known as anaerobic glycolysis and is one of the two ways of deriving energy in this type of system the other form of attaining this energy is known as short term energy supply in which ATP stores are briefly broken down. In the short term energy supply ATP is split into ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) releasing the energy required for muscle contraction this way or means of attaining energy is very brief and once this supply is drained the body resorts to anaerobic glycolysis. Anaerobic glycolysis is a term which is used for the nonoxidative breakdown of glycogen found in the muscles. Glycogen is a clump if to say of stored glucose molecules located in the muscles themselves. This form of attaining energy for muscular contraction on tap comes at a cost, as stated earlier on; it is very inefficient and wastes energy, for every glucose molecule broken down this process only yields 3 units of ATP and as a result gives lactic acid off as a by product as stated earlier . Fibre type A fast twitch fibre is one in which the myosin can split ATP very quickly and is associated with the anaerobic energy system. Fast twitch fibres also demonstrate a higher capability for electrochemical transmission of action potentials and a rapid level of calcium release and uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The fast twitch fibres rely on a well developed, short term, glycolytic system for energy transfer and can contract and develop tension at 2-3 times the rate of slow twitch fibres. Type II b White Fast glycolytic (also called fast twitch B or easy fatigable fibres). These fibres Contain: Low myoglobin content. Few mitochondria. Few blood capillaries. Large amount of glycogen. Split ATP very quickly. Fatigue easily. Needed for squash in short sprints to different parts of the court, and explosiveness, Type 2B fibres are utilized from 0 to 24 seconds, but this time is also dependant on the intensity of the sprint (i.e. if the intensity increases the time will decrease). Lactic acid Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic effort, mainly from a process mentioned earlier called anaerobic glycolysis, or when the oxygen supply is limited on demand. Lactic acid accumulates in the muscle and affects the ability of that muscle to perform at its full potential thus fatiguing it if to say. Lactic acid changes the ph in the muscle fibre itself, therefore reducing the overall enzyme activity and ATP production in the aerobic pathways spoken about earlier. Lactic acid is also said to reduce the contractile force of each individual muscle fibre. After exercise this lactic acid accumulation disappears quickly, as the body has its systems which remove this by product, if one were to engage in an active recovery it would also increase the removal time of lactic acid in the muscles. By squash players training their aerobic system more efficiently it helps to preserve the anaerobic system. It also reduces the recovery time of the anaerobic pathways and removal of lactic acid and its conversion back into pyruvate molecules, which could then be utilized by the aerobic pathways. Lactate Lactate simply put is a salt formed from lactic acid, this occurs when the acid rapidly loses it hydrogen ions and these ions combine with sodium and even sometimes potassium to form a compound known as lactate. Lactate threshold Lactate threshold is known to represent a transition zone that involves increasing dependence on anaerobic energy pathways. Lactate threshold basically defines ones bodys ability to clear lactic acid from the muscle as well as blood more rapidly and the transition zone that involves increasing lactate production resulting from the overall recruitment of fast glycolytic muscle fibres. Sharkey, Gaskill (2006) Chapter 3: Training Program This assignment aims at producing an effective and efficient 4 week agility In-season training program. The term In-Season refers to the peak performance period, during this period training for squash with regards to all the fitness components continues with a high intensity to maintain all the aspects as spoken earlier that squash players require, such as the four components of agility, but there is an overall reduction in total training volume so that players do not fatigue and can be at the peak level of performance for when they really need it which is during match time. Agility Drills Lateral Change of Direction Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Three cones Stop watch Assistant How to conduct the drill: Place the first cone on the half court line, place the second to the right close to the wall and the other close to the wall on the left hand side (The top of the T on the squash court) as seen in the diagram below: The squash player starts at the middle cone (where the vertical line meets the horizontal line forming the T) The Coach gives the signal to start and points in a specific direction, right or left The player moves to and touches the first cone, returns past the middle cone (start) to the far cone and touches that one and then returns to the middle cone, touching that one. The coach starts the stopwatch on giving the Go command and stops the watch when the athlete touches the middle cone. The better of the two trails in each starting direction, right and left, are recorded and the best score in each direction is used for scoring. T-Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Four cones Stop watch Assistant How to conduct the drill: Set out four cones as illustrated in the diagram above (With B being the cone at the centre of the T on the court). The subject starts at cone A. On the command of the timer, the subject sprints to cone B and touches the base of the cone with their right hand. They then turn left and shuffle sideways to cone C, and also touches its base, this time with their left hand. Then shuffling sideways to the right to cone D and touching the base with the right hand. They then shuffle back to cone B touching with the left hand, and run backwards to cone A. The stopwatch is stopped as they pass cone A. Illinois Agility Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Eight cones Stop watch Assistant How to conduct the drill: Set the squash court up as shown in the above picture. The length of the course is 10 meters and the width (distance between the start and finish points) is 5 meters. Four cones are used to mark the start, finish and the two turning points. Another four cones are placed down the centre an equal distance apart. Each cone in the centre is spaced 3.3 meters apart. Subjects should lie on their front (head to the start line) and hands by their shoulders. On the Go command the stopwatch is started, and the athlete gets up as quickly as possible and runs around the course in the direction indicated, without knocking the cones over, to the finish line, at which the timing is stopped. Box Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Four cones Stop watch Assistant How to conduct the drill: Four marker cones are placed 10 yards apart in a square configuration (see diagram above). The player starts by getting down in a three-point stance next to Cone 1. On the command Go, he sprints to cone 2, and then shuffles sideways to cone 3. From there you back-pedal to cone 4 and finish by turning and sprinting through and finishing at cone 1. The athlete must go around the outside of each cone. Agility Compass Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Five cones Stop watch Assistant How to conduct the drill: The cones are laid out as per the diagram (on the squash court), with four marker cones placed in a diamond shape, and one in the middle (placed on the centre of the T). The outer cones are each placed 3 meters from the centre. The player crouches behind and with their left hand on the middle cone, facing forwards (towards cone 5). The player then turns and runs to the right and touches the cone (2) with their hand. They then turn back and run to the centre cone, out to the next cone (3), back to the centre, out to the next cone (4), back to the centre and then finally turn and finish by running through the finish line at cone 5. The player is required to touch the cone with their hand at each turn. Timing starts when the hand comes off the centre cone, and stops when the chest passes through the line of the final cone. Rest for three minutes, then repeat the drill, moving in the opposite direction (counter clockwise, cones in order 1-4-3-2-5) Zig Zag Agility Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Five cones Stop watch Assistant 4 3 2 1 C How to conduct the drill: Place one cone at the centre of the T of the court , then place one cone in each corner of the court allowing enough space for the player to run around it (See above diagram).This drill requires the player to run a course in the shortest possible time. A standard Zig Zag course is with four cones placed on the corners of a rectangle formed by the court, with one more cone placed in the centre. If the cones are labelled 1(start/finish cone) to 4 around the rectangle going along the longer side first, and the centre cone is C, the test begins at 1, then to C, 2, 3, C, 4, then back to 1. Court Sprints Agility Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Four cones Stop watch Assistant C B A Starting /finished Position How to conduct the drill: Place the starting cone at the middle of the T on the court; place another cone directly in front of it by the tin board (Cone A in the diagram above), place another cone (Cone B in diagram) in the corner of the left hand service area, place the final cone (Cone C in the diagram) at the back wall of the court. The player must start at the starting position, as seen on the diagram, upon the word go the stopwatch is started, the player sprints to the wall, upon reaching cone the player remains facing in the forward direction for the entire drill, and then back tracks to the starting position, player then sprints to cone A, back tracks to cone B, sprints to cone A, back tracks to cone c, the sprints to the finishing/Starting position again. This drill must be completed in the fastest time possible with maximal intensity. Figure 8 sprinting Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Five cones Stop watch Assistant How to conduct the drill: This agility drill involves very short bursts of speed followed by sudden changes in direction and is one of the best in simulating the movements on a squash court. From the start position, the athlete will sprint to the centre cone (which is placed on the centre of the T), go around it and then sprint to cone 2 (placed near to the right wall of the court). This is repeated for all 4 cones rounding the centre cone after each outside cone until the player returns to the starting position (See above Diagram). 6 Point Agility Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Six cones Stop watch Assistant How to conduct the drill: They key with this drill is that is involves multiple directional changes. Sprint to cone 1 and return Sprint to cone 2 and return Sprint to cone 3 Side-step from cone 3 to cone 4 Side-step from cone 4 to cone 5 Side-step from cone 5 to cone 3 Back peddle from cone 3 back to the starting position Double T-Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Seven cones Stop watch Assistant How to conduct the drill: Place one cone on the T, this is your centre cone, place one cone to the far right close to the wall in line with the cone on the T, do this on the other side as well. Now place another cone toward the back wall in line with the middle cone. Now place a second row of cones in line with those at the top of the T towards the front wall giving the player enough space to move. (See Above Diagram) This drill is similar to the T drill, there is just another row of cones, the drill is conducted in the same way as the T drill, just adding on an extra row once the player has completed the extra row they must back pedal all the way to the start/finish (Black arrows, then blue arrows, then finally the red arrows) Star Drill Requirements: Flat surface of the squash court Seven cones Stop watch Assistant G C F D E B A How to conduct the drill: Set court up as shown in the following diagram above. Player starts at A then runs to B, plays a shot, then back tracks back to the T point A on the diagram. Player then runs to point C, plays a shot then back tracks back to A again; however for cones F and G its a sprint there and shot played then side step back to the T. Player completes drill in cone order, upon reaching cone D player side steps, plays a shot, then side steps back to point A again, same applies for cone E. This exercise is done as quickly as possible. 4 Week In-Season Agility Program Before each daily Agility training session be sure to engage in a Squash specific dynamic warm up exercises, and upon completing the daily program be sure to engage in a cool down, including static stretches to conserve and increase muscle flexibility. For every agility drill, start in the ready position: feet shoulder-width apart; ankles, knees, and hips flexed in a quarter-squat position; head and shoulders slightly forward with hips and ankles in a straight line. Keep knees and hips flexed and your centre of gravity over the feet. The body cannot move quickly when it is standing straight up. From this position, you are ready to move in any direction and can hold this position if bumped from any angle. This ready position is the most efficient position for moving and reacting. For each training session, please refer to section of Agility Drills, to attain the layout of the drill as well as drill description and execution. Week 1 Day: 1 Agility Drill: Lateral Change of direction Variation: Place rubber band from one ankle to the other, to encourage side stepping movement Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: 2 minutes non stop Rest Time: 1 minute 30 seconds Repeat: 2 times (Total drill count = 3) Rest for 2 minutes Agility Drill: T-Drill Variation: Timed T drill, player has 1 minute to complete as many Ts as possible, 1 T is counted when player returns to cone A(starting position) Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: 1 minute Rest for 2 minutes Agility Drill: Star Drill Variation: (playing a shot while working on agility) as player reaches cone they play a shot before returning back to cone A at the T Intensity: 90% HR Max Time: As fast as possible Repeat: 3 Times Rest period: 90 seconds between drills Day: 2 Agility Drill: Illinois Agility Drill Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: Fast as possible Rest Time: 30 seconds between drills Repeat: 3 times Rest for 1 minute Agility Drill: Box Drill Variation: Timed minute, continue drill till time is up Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: 1 minute (Timed) Repeat: 3 Times Rest period: 45 seconds between drills Rest for 2 minutes Agility Drill: Double T-Drill Variation: (playing a shot while working on agility) as player reaches cone they play a shot while completing the drill Intensity: 70% HR Max Time: As fast as possible, with respect to intensity Repeat: 3 times Rest period: 30 seconds between drills Week 2 Day: 1 Agility Drill: Court sprints Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: Fast as possible Rest Time: 1 minute Repeat: 3 times Rest for 2 minutes Agility Drill: 6 Point Agility Drill Variation: Play a shot upon reaching each cone Intensity: High intensity (80% HR Max) Time: Fast as possible Repeat: 3 Times Rest time: 30 seconds Day: 2 Agility Drill: Agility Compass Drill Variation: Play a shot upon reaching each cone Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: Fast as possible Rest Time: 45 seconds between drills Repeat: 3 times Rest for 2 minutes Agility Drill: Zig Zag Drill Variation: Run as far as you can in 1 minute Intensity: High intensity (80% HR Max) Time: 1 minute (Timed) Repeat: 2 Times Rest period: 1 minute 30 seconds between drills Rest for 2 minutes Agility Drill: Figure 8 Sprinting Drill Intensity: 90% HR Max Time: As fast as possible Repeat: 3 times Rest period: 1 minute between drills Week 3 Day: 1 Agility Drill: Lateral Change of direction Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: 1 minute non stop Rest Time: 30 seconds Repeat: 2 times (Total drill count = 3) Rest for 2 minutes Agility Drill: T-Drill Variation: Timed T drill, player has 1 minute 30 seconds to complete as many Ts as possible, 1 T is counted when player returns to cone A(starting position) Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: 1 minute 30 seconds Rest for 2 minutes Star Drill: Variation: (playing a shot while working on agility) as player reaches cone they play a shot before returning back to cone A at the T Intensity: 90% HR Max Time: As fast as possible Repeat: 3 Times Rest period: 90 seconds between drills Day: 2 Agility Drill: Illinois Agility Drill Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: Fast as possible Rest Time: 30 seconds between drills Repeat: 3 times Rest for 1 minute Agility Drill: Box Drill Variation: Timed minute, continue drill till time is up Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: 1 minute 30 seconds (Timed) Repeat: 3 Times Rest period: 45 seconds between drills Rest for 2 minutes Agility Drill: Double T-Drill Variation: (playing a shot while working on agility) as player reaches cone they play a shot while completing the drill Intensity: 90% HR Max Time: As fast as possible Repeat: 3 times Rest period: 30 seconds between drills Week 4 Day: 1 Agility Drill: Court sprints Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: Fast as possible Rest Time: 1 minute 30 seconds Repeat: 4 times Rest for 2 minutes Agility Drill: 6 Point Agility Drill Variation: Play a shot upon reaching each cone Intensity: High intensity (90% HR Max) Time: Fast as possible Repeat: 4 Times Rest time: 30 seconds Day: 2 Agility Drill: Agility Compass Drill Variation: Play a shot upon reaching each cone Intensity: High intensity (65% HR Max) Time:

7 Habits by Stephen R. Covey

Stephen R. Covey book is titled â€Å"The 7 habits of highly effective people† helps to develop individuals’ personality in relation with others. The author takes us on the journey thru becoming proactive. Than we learn to realize where are we going with our life. The next step is to set priorities in our life. What things are important and what things can wait. We also learn how to achieve compromise that is satisfactory to all parties involved in daily activities. The author teaches us how to practice empathetic communications and the importance of the team work. Once all of that is achieved we are reminded to renew ourselves thru elements of nature. The first habit is â€Å"Be Proactive†. It says to take control over your own future, and that every one of us is in control of their own future. The proactive people do not blame others for their misfortune. The first step to become proactive is to take initiative and to act or be act upon. When I was working in a plant, and wanted to advance to a supervisor’s, I took initiative. I have studied the blueprints; observed and learned from others, and then I became an assistant, and then a supervisor. There were several other employees that started their careers at the same time as I did, however, they did not take the initiative. When I was leaving the field they were still working at the same level when they have began. Listening to our language is another very important aspect of becoming proactive. My favorite phrase is Stephen R. Covey had mention in his book is – â€Å"Let’s look at our alternatives†. Many people like to say â€Å"There is nothing I can do†. Another very important aspect of becoming proactive is to look where we focus our energy. In his book, Covey refers to two circles: circle of concern and circle of influence. Proactive people focus on the circle of influence. This circle includes things one can do something about like, health, family or work related problems. Reactive people, on the other hand, focus their energy on the things that they have no control of, like terrorism; weather etc. â€Å"Gaining an awareness of the areas in which we expand our energies in is a giant step in becoming proactive†. (As cited in Stephenconvey. com, 2009 p. 1). Begin with the end in mind† is the second habit. Every creation, design or invention is first created on the paper before it is actually build. My next project is to build a shed. Before I will invest time and money on generating the material, first I will have to make a plan of that building. Once I will accomplish that I can began to build. According to the author we should always know where we are going with our lives. â€Å"To begin with the end in m ind means to start with a clear understanding of your destination. It means to know where you’re going so that you better understand where your are now and so the steps you take are always in the right direction† (Covey, 1989 p. 98). The best way to get there is by creating Personal Mission Statement. That statement concentrates on where you want to be, and how to get there (Covey, 1989). In the first habit you are a creator. In the second habit you have a vision and in the third habit you put all those things into a prospective. The third habit is called â€Å"Put first things first†. This habit helps us manage our lives. There are four quadrants to our time management. Based on those quadrants, it is more convenient to schedule future tasks. Daily or weekly plan can be made to focus on the priorities. That plan is never solid; it will most likely change as the daily tasks progress. It is really important to manage priorities based on those quadrants (Covey, 1989). The fourth habit called â€Å"Think Win/Win† moves us into interdependence phase. Our relationships with others depend on our mentality of thinking. Many people would like to receive the promotion or save their marriage but, they were not able to properly interact with others. There are six paradigms of human interaction (Covey, 1989). The fifth habit is to seek to understand, and then be understood. That means that the listener should not just hear the other person, but try to empathize with him. Most of the people can hear what others have to say; however they don’t listen to others, the message that other person is trying to relate goes by them (Covey, 1989). The sixth habit is to synergize. The author is relating to work in the teams. He states that the all team members are worth more that each of them separately put together. The group depends on each other. The differences between the people make the group stronger because of their differences. Every individual has a different prospective (Covey, 1989). The last of seven habits is to sharpen the saw. Most people tend to forget themselves and tend to stay in one place. Many of the people tend to focus on the activities that are not relevant to their goals or values. Every person should continue to grow using the four elements of nature. That involves staying fit in physical condition. That can be achieved by proper nutrition and daily exercises. Mental fit refers to reading and writing. Social element of nature refers to servicing to others. The last element is to stay spiritually fit by studying and meditation (Covey, 1989). In conclusion, the seven habits written by Stephen R. Covey, teach us how to become internally focused. They are the simple set of rules for successful life. That refers to both personal and private life. We go thru seven changes that will make ourselves more aware of the world and people that surround us. References Covey, Stephen R. (1989). The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

Trial of Henry Kissinger

Amanda LakeyInternational Relations Book Review 18 April 2012 Kissinger’s Offenses The book the Trial of Henry Kissinger was written by Christopher Hitchens, a political opponent of Henry Kissinger. He is considered to be a pretty controversial figure because of his confrontational type of debate. He is considered a political observer, polecemist, and a self-proclaimed left -winged radical. He can be remembered for being a critic of Henry Kissinger, Mother Theresa and Bill Clinton.The Trial of Henry Kissinger took a long time for the author to write because he collected a lot of incriminating evidence to help bring out the wrongdoings Kissinger has done during his political career. The book focuses on Hitchens’s examination of the evidence of Henry Kissinger’s supposed war crimes. Hitchens thinks that Kissinger deserves prosecution â€Å"for war crimes against humanity, and for offenses against common or customary or international law, including conspiracy to co mmit murder, kidnap, and torture† ( Hitchens 2).To the author, Henry Kissinger is just a great liar who seems to have an amazing memory. According to Hitchens, Kissinger may be connected to war casualties in Vietnam, massacres in Bangladesh, planning murder in Chile when the US was not at war with them, involvement in the murder of the head of state of Cyprus, enabling a genocide in East Timor and kidnapping and murdering a journalist from Washington DC. The logic in which the author uses appears to be pretty persuasive to the reader. It is difficult to argue with one who uses such solid support in his opinions.This book seems more like pure fact than just what the author thinks. If I were to have read thinking Henry Kissinger was innocent, afterwards I would start to think that he should be charged for the things he did. I think many Americans are not aware of the kinds of secrets acts that happen within the political system. This is an eye opener for many citizens; one shoul d not get away with committing a crime, even if he has a lot of power. One of the main events the book focuses on is Kissinger’s involvement with the bombing of Cambodia.The bombing of Cambodia would need approval from congress before it could occur. Unfortunately, Nixon and Kissinger never tried to get approval and went ahead with the plan anyways. They would try to hide these happenings from society. The bombing of Cambodia actually took place for about fourteen months, and â€Å"as a result of the expanded and intensified bombing campaigns, It has been estimated that as many as 350,000 civilians in Laos, and 600,000 in Cambodia, lost their lives† (Hitchens 35).These events were leaked into the newspaper by American journalists, and Kissinger tried to find those responsible by wire-tapping phones. Another one of the events that took place is Kissinger’s involvement with the Vietnamese War. During the 1968 Paris peace talks, Kissinger came into the discussion a nd said that â€Å"he thinks any pullout next year would be a serious mistake†¦ he favored a continued winding down and then a pull out†¦ so it is too late to affect the election† (Hitchens 19). Kissinger was having secret meetings with the North Vietnamese, specifically the negotiator Le Duc Tho.He was hiding these meetings from the rest of the governments officials who should have been involved. These peace talks ended up being futile, but they did help him gain more of a reputation with Nixon. Nixon was not happy with the way the Vietnamese War was turning out, so he decided to invade the neutral countries of Cambodia and Laos; this resulted in one million deaths in Cambodia and 350 thousand deaths in Laos. Even after everything that occurred, Henry Kissinger signed a peace treaty with Le Duck Tho in 1973. The two of then were then awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.Henry Kissinger was one of the people who helped start the war, and he is also the person who helped fi nish it: â€Å"It took Henry Kissinger to ensure that a war of atrocity, which he had helped to prolong, should end just as furtively and ignominiously as it had began† (Hitchens 20). According to Hitchens, there is a Vietnam Veterans’ Memorial in which the names are listed by date, not alphabetically: â€Å"The first few names appear in 1954, and the last few in 1965† (20). A majority of the American population would not know that we went into Vietnam as early or as late as the memorial claims.The author also talks about Kissinger’s role in Bangladesh. Kissinger supported Pakistan in the Liberation of Bangladesh in 1971. He wanted to show China how useful the United States can be when it comes to tactical alliance so they would side with America and oppose the USSR. Kissinger helped support the extermination of many Bengalis: â€Å"Kissinger had received some very bad and even mocking press for his handling of the Bangladesh crisis, and it had somewhat spoiled his supposedly finest hour in China† (Hitchens 50).The Nixon Administration also was involved in a controversial military coup in Chile. Nixon had given the CIA permission to hold a military coup in order to prevent Salvador Allende’s inauguration. Allende was said to have ties with communist countries, which is something that caused the United State’s to have a rocky relationship with Chile. In 1973, the military coup caused the death of the Chilean leader. After this happened, Augusto Pinochet took control of Chile and began to bring a reign of terror to the country. Two cases were filed against Kissinger and dismissed during these times.He was blamed for being involved in the military coup and disregarding those civilian’s and their family’s lives when he encouraged the Chilean repressive regime. The Trial of Henry Kissinger is one of the more recent books written in 2002 about the wrongdoings of Henry Kissinger, but other books were prev iously written before this time. One of the books is called the Price of Power written by Seymour M. Hursh in 1983. The other book is called Sideshow written by William Shawcross in 1979. There was obviously a great time span between these two books and the most current one, but they all seem to have the same idea.They all seem to discuss Kissinger’s involvement with the Nixon Administration and try to charge him as a war criminal. The other books seem to focus on the topic of Cambodia the most, but the Trial of Henry Kissinger seems to discuss more circumstances for which Nixon should be charged for. The Slideshow seemed to think that Cambodia was one of the biggest crimes Kissinger and President Nixon committed: â€Å"Neither the United States nor its friends nor those who are caught helplessly in its embrace are well served when its leaders act, as Nixon and Kissinger acted, without care.Cambodia was not a mistake; it was a crime† ( Shawcross 396). According to the book the Price of Power Nixon and Kissinger both appear to be in denial that any of the occurrences were their fault: â€Å"Kissinger and Nixon would repeatedly claim that the failures in South Vietnam and Cambodia were not their responsibility but the fault of Congress, which had cut off funding for the war† (Hursch 640). The book the Trial of Henry Kissinger is able to expand on these arguments more by giving solid evidence.One of Nixon’s associates who worked alongside Kissinger claimed that if the plan for Cambodia did not work then Henry would get in trouble: â€Å"Kissinger was caught between the views of his staff- several of whom resigned in protest when the invasion began- and the need to please the President† ( Hitchens 28). Compared to the other books that has been written about Kissinger, I think the Trial of Henry Kissinger is the most helpful and informative, but because of the use of excerpts from government documents and memorandums, it can be a little difficult to read.I also feel the author did not use enough counter arguments when he wrote the book. I feel like this is supposed to be an argumentative book in which the author tries to sway the reader to agree with his side. I think there is enough evidence to back up the authors claims, but the book would be even more believable had he tried to bring in opposing arguments and prove them wrong this way, there would be no arguing that Kissinger did do something wrong. All in all, I think this book is very useful for people to learn about Henry Kissinger.To be honest, before coming into this class, I had never heard anything about him or the terrible things he was involved in. I think this book gives good background information in order to show the reader what kind of person Kissinger is and why he should be treated like a criminal. Because there was so much evidence from government documents used in the book, I have almost no arguments against the author’s claims. Re ferences Hitechens, Christopher. Trial of Henry Kissinger. Verso, New York. 2001. Print. Hursch, M Seymour. The Price of Power. 1983. Print. Shawcross, William. Sideshow. 1979. Print.