The Design Argument Essay - 1582 Words

The Design Argument The name teleological is derived from the Greek word ‘telos’ meaning ‘end’ or ‘purpose’. Thus nature is viewed as directed in order that something beneficial may result. More popularly it is referred to as the ‘argument from design’, but this wording assumes the very thing that has to be proved. A better description would be the ‘argument for design’. This argument is by far the most popular and most often expressed by people. This is mainly due to the fact that people would like to re-affirm their belief in their God. As, if everyone around them were trying to prove that God didn’t existed, then them believing in a God would probably seem†¦show more content†¦Over the centuries there have been many people attempting to answer this question. One of these was Thomas Aquinas. Thomas was born near Naples, in Italy in the year 1225-1274. He later entered the Dominican Order. So we can see that he was quite a religious figure. Over the years he has greatly influenced teleological thinking, he has written a book called ‘The Five Ways’ which is arguing for the existence of God. Basically his main argument is that non-intelligent material things produce beneficial order. For this to happen there must be an intelligent being maneuvering these actions. And this being is God. As in his book he says, ‘We see that things that lack knowledge such as natural bodies, act for an end, and this is evident from their acting always, or nearly always, in the same way, so as to obtain the best result.’ What Aquinas means by this is that objects like trees, stars and other non-intelligent bodies do the same thing day in day out. But if we look at their functions in great depth we can see that without them doing their own concise job it would be hard for man and animals to exist. Let’s look at the acorn tree for example, if it didn’t drop its acorns in the autumn then animals such as squirrels would die over the winter as they would not have any food to take with themShow MoreRelatedAn Argument for Design1784 Words   |  8 PagesAdam Hubert PHI 150 Dr. Peterson Intelligent Design October 27, 2013 Take a moment to think about the world around you and all of its beauty. From the ever flowing Mississippi River, to the ledges of the mighty Grand Canyon, or even to the peak of Mt. Fuji there is an immense amount of things on this Earth that are so incredible it is hard to believe science and chance created these magnificent things. So what is the best explanation for these occurrences? I believe that these occurrencesRead MoreThe Design Argument : The Theory Argument1608 Words   |  7 PagesThe Design Argument In the past hundred years, a great debate has shaken the foundation religious and scientific beliefs of society. Philosophers have been arguing about such a debate for hundreds of years, but there does not seem to be any consensus on whether on the existence of god and the universe. The ancient world never battled over such questions, rather they had accepted the fact that the natural world was created by some being. However, as society made major advancements, the questionRead MoreThe Theory Of The Design Argument1201 Words   |  5 Pagesmakes of the design argument that are described in this chapter, Hume presents a third. He says that even if the design argument succeeds in showing that a designer made the universe (or the organisms in it), the argument does not succeed in establishing what characteristics that designer has. For this reason, the argument does not show that God exists. Is Hume’s claim correct? How seriously does this undermine the design argument? I think that Hume’s claim that the design argument does not succeedRead MoreThe Design Argument For The Existence Of God1286 Words   |  6 PagesONE The design argument for the existence of God follows the model: 1) In nature, things appear to work together for a clear purpose. 2) The best explanation for these relationships is that God designed these things. 3) Therefore, God exists, as he was the one who designed nature. This argument contends that an intelligent designer of the world does exist, and structured the universe so that most natural things fit together for a clear purpose. We can recognize that things in nature seemRead MoreThe Design Arguments For The Existence Of God1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe design arguments for the existence of God center on the principle that an intelligent designer, in this case God, has crafted our world so that each item has a purpose and significant meaning. Additionally, the world is a complex and sometimes enigmatic system of elements which work together to sustain life in a way that some argue is unlikely to have occurred by pure chance alone. Therefore, some philosophers credit a divine being as the source of this order and purpose in the universe. FurthermoreRead MoreThe Problem Of Evil And The Design Argument1487 Words   |  6 Pages Problem of Evil and The Design Argument In order to explain the â€Å"Problem of Evil†, how it figures in Hume’s discussion of the argument from design and whether there is a personal acceptance of it, each point needs to be examined. Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion utilizes three characters to represent difference perspectives to the existence of God: Cleanthes, Demea, and Philo. Cleanthes is a skeptic that provides the key voice to the argument from design. Philo, said to be the representationRead MoreThe Ontological, Cosmological, And Design Argument1624 Words   |  7 PagesGod they do not need science to show proof that he exists because of their morals and beliefs they have been raised to follow. In this paper I will prove that God does exist by explaining the ontological, cosmological, and design argument. The ontological argument was an argument created by Saint Anselm. Anselm argued that if we thought about what God is and what he can do then we know he must exist. What Anselm means by this is that if our minds can think of something so great like God, we shouldRead MoreThe Design Argument for the Existence of God Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesThe Design Argument for the Existence of God While theology may take Gods existence as absolutely necessary on the basis of authority, faith, or discovery, many philosophers have thought it possible to demonstrate by reason that there must be a God. The teleological argument, also known as the argument from design quite simply states that a designer must exist since the universe and living things display elements of design in their order, consistency, unity and patternRead MoreThe Teleological Argument For The Existence Of Intelligent Design1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe teleological argument successfully provides proof for the existence of intelligent design by utilizing intricate scientific data in order to demonstrate intent and purpose in the creation of the universe, as opposed to random and highly improbable occurrences. The purpose of the teleological argument is to present complex details of the universe as evidence that it was designed by an intelligent mind. It suggests that since the universe is so compound and full of fine-tuned intricacies, thereRead MoreThe Design Argument for the Existence of God Essay698 Words   |  3 PagesThe Design Argument for the Existence of God The basis and structure towards the Design Argument is all about a creator and designer whom set things and planned everything to be the way it is today. Unlike the cosmological argument, the Design Argument is a lot simpler to understand and has simple steps towards it. The main point that the Design Argument claims is the fact that everything in nature seems to be put together in just the right manner suggests that an intelligent

Social Construction of Childhood Essay - 1286 Words

1. Introduction Social constructionism gives meaning to phenomenon in social context and connections between culture and society build up realities in their circumstances. The studies of this idea have been conducted more than thirty years by a number of North American, British and continental writers (Burr, 1995). However, in childhood studies this notion appears later on. It is mostly held universally, childhood is a stage that biologically existing in human life in early years. It should be considered this childhood is constructed in the society. As a social being, it brings into the mind the relationship between society and child, inevitably. However, the dominant understanding of childhood attributes biological and social†¦show more content†¦This paper aims to suggest social construction is an important approach when it comes to explain childhood phenomenon, but it must be considerate biological components. Background theories of Social constructionism Starting with an overview of social constructionism in very general terms leads to build more explicit an understanding of child and childhood in a social world. The notion of social constructionism is defined in diverse disciplines and instead of generating a single description there are a number of thoughts. â€Å"It is sometimes called a movement, at other times a position, a theory, a theoretical orientation, an approach; psychologists remain unsure of its status† (Stam 2001, p. 294)†. Vivien (1995, p. 10) points out that the origin of social constructionism stems from two to three hundred years ago in the period of enlightenment, modernism and postmodernism. Berger and Luckmann’ (1966) book The Social Construction of Reality as the first book to have the title of â€Å"social construction†, has made an influential contribution in recent studies (Hacking, 1999). In this book, questioning everyday life realities and giving examples from it, shows the imp ortance of social relations and the language that we used. Hacking’s (1999) The Social Construction of What? offers up-to-date and logical instances which enable us to comprehend these aspects. He lists a number of things that can beShow MoreRelatedSocial Construction Of Childhood Essay770 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning of social construction of childhood. I am very familiar with the history of psychology and children’s literature. My grandmother used to live with us when I was a young, and she told me many stories of the past. For this reason, I am able to link the materials I study to the real world. The social construction of childhood is somehow new to me. Especially the way Postman (1999) expresses social construction of childhood. For example, he stated, â€Å"In the twentieth century, childhood began toRead MoreChildhood Is The Social Construction Of Children1606 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood is the social construction of children, where they develop and under stand different relationships and cultures in their society. Children grow up during their childhood, when they realise their â€Å"sense of meaning in their lives† (Layard and Dunn 2009, p.9), by socializing and personal development. Childhood starts with a family, which is the beginning of life. Family is where children first learn about the world. In children’s perspective, as long as family members love each other, it isRead MoreChildhood And The Family A Social Construction1497 Words   |  6 Pagesdirectly influences the childhood and family relationship, something I aim to explore in this assignment. Is childhood and the family a social construction? Childhood according to Aries (1960) in his book ‘Centuries of Childhood’ is that childhood is not seen as a natural occurrence but a concept created by society. This has been argued and furthermore been researched by Cunningham (2006) in his book the ‘Invention of Childhood’, where he highlights the historical features of childhood in the Middle AgesRead MoreThe Social Construction of Childhood Essay2194 Words   |  9 Pagesand across cultures. â€Å"The essence of childhood studies is that childhood is a social and cultural phenomenon† (James, 1998). Evident that there are in fact multiple childhoods, a unifying theme of childhood studies is that childhood is a social construction and aims to explore the major implications on future outcomes and adulthood. Recognizing childhood as a social construction guides exploration through themes to a better understanding of multiple childhoods, particularl y differences influencingRead MoreEssay on Social Construction of Child and Childhood1406 Words   |  6 PagesSocial construction of child and childhood To start with an overview of social constructionism in very general terms leads to build understandings of child and childhood in a social world more explicitly. Notion of social construction is defined in diverse disciplines and instead of generating a description there are a number of thoughts. â€Å"It is sometimes called a movement, at other times a position, a theory, a theoretical orientation, an approach; psychologists remain unsure of its status (StamRead MoreAssess the Sociological Explanation That Childhood Is a Social Construction.1499 Words   |  6 Pagesexplanation that childhood is a social construction. Childhood is the time of a person’s life when they are a child. Childhood is said to be socially constructed, meaning that it has not been influenced by nature but has been shaped by the quality of family life and the culture within society. The social construction of childhood points out that childhood is dependent on a number of social factors rather than a biological stage. Sociologists argue about what the term ‘childhood’ actually means. TheyRead MoreTo What Extent Can Childhood Be Considered a Social Construction?1489 Words   |  6 Pageswhat extent can childhood be considered a social construction? This essay will analyse the major experiences by which childhood is constructed: one determined by the society and the other examined personally. Following this approach will be explained socially constructed childhood that asserts children’s attitudes, expectations and understandings that are defined by a certain society or culture. Furthermore various aspects of childhoods will be taken into account in relation to social, economic, historicalRead MoreExamine How Social, Historical and Spatial Constructions of Childhood and or Youth Inform the Design, Practices and Values of a Selected Institution of Childhood or Young People.733 Words   |  3 PagesExamine how social, historical and spatial constructions of childhood and or youth inform the design, practices and values of a selected institution of childhood or young people. Childhood is not a biological state, unlike infancy (Postman) it is a construction placed upon a group of humans by society (James and Prout). Differing societies have different views of what a child is and should be. The ideas surrounding children and childhood not only differ within different societies there are alsoRead MoreCo Constructive Environments Create Learning Opportunities For Children927 Words   |  4 Pages Co-constructive environments create learning opportunities for children. The learning strategy of co-construction is an extension of the philosophy of constructivism that maintains interpretation is required to â€Å"make meaning† of the world (Schwandt, as cited in MacNaughton Williams, 2009). The early childhood setting often bases their program on the developmental play curriculum as this relates to Piaget’s theory of children’s cognition. This approach is about the child constructing their ownRead MoreHow Childhood Has Changed over the Centuries1220 Words   |  5 Pagesideas about childhood over the centuries, there are several points of discussion that arise. Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues which have contributed greatl y to the changing ideas about childhood over the centuries, which are; the recognition of childhood and innocence

Are Mobile Phones a Necessity Free Essays

Mobile phones take a big part in our lifes nowadays. Although they are very useful, some people are beginning to ask if they are good for us or we really need them. In my opinion, we can’t talk about an easy life without mobile phone. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Mobile Phones a Necessity? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the first place, as their reason to be invented, we can connect with other people whenever and wherever we want. We can send messages to people and sometimes it can be very important. Especially at deathlines your saviors are mobile phones. Furthermore, as technology is improved, we can do more than just sending messages or talking with someone with mobile phones. We can save our files, listen music and we can connect to internet. We can receive and share a lot of things. And mobile phones’ cameras are very improved, we can catch very good scenes from life†¦ Nevertheles, there are so many people who say that mobile phones are making our lifes â€Å"short†. I mean mobile phones have a weak point: Radition. As many doctors say, mobile phones spread radition, which can be very dangerous for human life. Also, people say that mobile phones kill face to face relationship, basically people do not go to see their relatives, just call them. All in all, despite their weak points, mobile phones are making the life easier. I believe in future radition problem will be solved and mobiles phones will be exactly safe. And we have not to forget this: People make inventions good or bad†¦ How to cite Are Mobile Phones a Necessity?, Papers

English British Journal of Psychiatry

Question: Discuss about theEnglishfor British Journal of Psychiatry. Answer: Introduction: Literature is the reflection of reality. The life of every human being is amalgamated with struggles and twists. Innumerable hindrances come in the different pathways and difficulties are the part of life. This particular study has provided a clear knowledge and understanding on how the human being has to overcome various challenges in their day-to-day life. Three different stories created by three separate authors have been presented in this particular study. People tend to show their interest for quenching the thirst of literature only when the literature is blended with fiction. However, the entire story is endowed with the psychological and mental dilemmas among family relationship. The stories that have been selected for the critical analysis of this study include Auntie Annie and Monty, The Day when Mum Went to the Hostel and The Strength of Tradition. In every single story the author has depicted the depth of every individual relationship in a simple, lucid way. First Story: The first story Auntie Annie and Monty established by Graham Calley has presented a simple vista of healthy family relationship. A child is the spokesperson of this particular story. It has been observed that the rhythm of a happy family and their daily lifestyle has become out of track due to the entrance of third person[1]. The story begins with the entrance of Auntie Annie. A pretty and beautiful woman endowed with red hairs entered into the home slowly. Child being the protagonist has presented the entire story in such a way that readers can relate themselves into their practical field of life[2]. The internal clash between the husband and wife has a major reflection on the mind of children. In this particular study, the story has presented a major vista on how a happy married life can be destructed due to the unexpected situations. As per the description of the child, it has been observed that the actual identity of Annie is quite questionable to everyone. While introducing with the kids, Annie has never exposed the real identity[3]. However, the author has presented the character of Mum in an excellent way. Mum being a homemaker and devoted woman towards her husband never intends to tolerate Annie in talking with her husband excessively. The triangular relationships and its reflection on the mind of innocent children have been presented beautifully in this particular study. Second Story: The second story The Day When Mum Went to the Hostel written by Leah Wilson reveals the journey of a young women and her hardships for bringing up a child. The story depicts a sorrowful vista on how a woman had left the home being deprived of her family. When she set out for a new journey in order to establish her only child, this innocent woman was possessed with a limited number of money that was not sufficient for bringing up a child properly. The story begins with the extreme pangs and pathos of a young woman who had left her home for establishing her child in the realm of new journey. While dealing with the outside World, this woman had to face innumerable difficulties with the outside World[4]. The driver who had given the lift at that night intended to humiliate desperately. Whenever, the woman approached to reach them up to the womens hostel, the driver supposed to be the aboriginal hostel. This kind of humiliation had intensely touched the sentiment of a young woman[5]. Throughout the entire story, the author has maintained a realistic approach with the help of which the readers can relate themselves with the realistic world. The entire theme of the story has been presented in lucid language so that the readers do not have to struggle for understanding the essence of the message. Third Story: On the other hand, The Change of Tradition established by Judah Waten has rendered different kinds of flavor where the author has beautifully presented the difference of attitude of a person. Mr Ekdom is the real protagonist of this short story. The author has begun the story describing on how a person has to face immense challenges when this individual has to spend a life in different place[6]. Mr Ekdom had to face the same situation. From the very beginning, Ekdom had maintained a keen watch on his three daughters. The daughters were not free to spend their lifestyle as per their own way. The story is endowed with the family relationships and the different opinions of every family member individually. In one situation, Ekdom has decided to leave the home silently due to the mental dilemmas[7]. At the end of the story, Ekdom is seen to set out for the new journey and established a temporary residence absolutely in a different city. Own Point of View: The central themes of the three stories are surrounded with the family relationships and the mental dilemmas. The first story is endowed with the triangular relationship among two women and a person. The character of Annie has been portrayed beautifully throughout the entire story. However, after analyzing the entire story, it can be evaluated that the author has ended the conclusion in a sudden manner. In addition, some of the expressions remained extreme hypothetical that the readers may not relate with their practical experience. The second story has presented the journey of a woman in an excellent way. This particular story is out-an-out realistic where the readers would be able to relate themselves with the practical world. Conclusion: Portraying different vistas of family life is the primary concern of this particular story. Readers tend to show their interest for going through a particular story only when they can relate themselves with the practical field. This particular story is possessed with different kinds of characters who represented the role of every single member of a family possessed with various temperaments. The ways of expression of the three different authors are noteworthy. While reading the story, the readers can relate themselves with the practical field. Reference List: Bognar G, 'Human Enhancement, Edited By Julian Savulescu And Nick Bostrom.' (2012) 121 Mind Caan W, 'Mind, Modernity, Madness: The Impact Of Culture On Human Experience' (2014) 204 The British Journal of Psychiatry Cheever N and others, 'Out Of Sight Is Not Out Of Mind: The Impact Of Restricting Wireless Mobile Device Use On Anxiety Levels Among Low, Moderate And High Users' (2014) 37 Computers in Human Behavior Goldberg A, 'Greenfeld, Liah Mind, Modernity, Madness: The Impact Of Culture On Human Experience 2013 Harvard University Press 688 Pp 36.95 (Hardcover)' (2014) 65 The British Journal of Sociology Jones P, 'Mind Games: Mind Control In YA Literature' (2012) 39 The ALAN Review Kekes J, 'Nature, Reason, And The Good Life: Ethics For Human Beings, By Roger Teichmann.' (2012) 121 Mind Westermeyer J, 'Mind, Modernity, Madness: The Impact Of Culture On Human Experienceby Greenfeldliah. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 2013, 688 Pp., $45.00.' (2014) 171 American Journal of Psychiatry